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John Herbert "Jackie" Gleason (February 26, 1916 – June 24, 1987) was an American comedian, actor, and musician who developed a style and characters in his career from growing up in Brooklyn, New York. He was known for his brash visual and verbal comedy style, exemplified by his character Ralph Kramden in the television series ''The Honeymooners''. By filming the episodes with Electronicam, Gleason later could release the series in syndication, building its popularity over the years with new audiences. He also developed ''The Jackie Gleason Show,'' which had the second-highest ratings in the country 1954-1955, and which he produced over the years in variations, including in the venue of Miami, Florida after moving there. Among his notable film roles were Minnesota Fats in the Academy Award-winning 1961 drama ''The Hustler'' (co-starring with Paul Newman), and Buford T. Justice in the ''Smokey and the Bandit'' series from 1977 into the early 1980s, in which he co-starred with Burt Reynolds. ==Early life== Gleason was born in 1916 at 364 Chauncey Street in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn.〔Staff. ("Kid's Talk" ), ''News & Record (Greensboro)'', September 19, 1995. Retrieved June 8, 2009.〕 He grew up at 328 Chauncey (an address he later used for Ralph and Alice Kramden on ''The Honeymooners''). Originally named Herbert Walton Gleason Jr., he was baptized John Herbert Gleason.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jackie Gleason Biography )〕 His parents were Mae "Maisie" (née Kelly), Farranree, Cork, Ireland, and Herbert Walton "Herb" Gleason, an Irish-American insurance auditor.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = filmreference.com ) 〕〔() 〕 Gleason was one of two children; his brother Clemence died of spinal meningitis at age 14.〔 He remembered his father as having "beautiful handwriting", and used to watch him work at the family's kitchen table to write policies in the evenings. On the night of December 14, 1925, Gleason's father disposed of any family photos in which he appeared; just after noon on December 15, he collected his hat, coat, and paycheck, and left the insurance company and his family permanently. When it was evident he was not coming back, Mae went to work as a subway attendant for the Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation (BMT).〔 After his father left, young Gleason began hanging around on the streets with a local gang and hustling pool.〔 He attended elementary school at P.S. 73 in Brooklyn and attended (but did not graduate from) John Adams High School in Queens and Bushwick High School in Brooklyn. Gleason became interested in performing after being part of a class play; when he left school, he got a job as master of ceremonies at a theater that paid $4 per night. Other jobs he held included working in a pool hall, as a stunt driver, and as a carnival barker.〔〔 Gleason and his friends made the rounds of the local theaters; he put an act together with one of his friends, and the pair performed on amateur night at the Halsey Theater (where Gleason replaced his friend Sammy Birch as master of ceremonies). He was also offered the same work two nights a week at the Folly Theater.〔 After his father's abandonment, Gleason was raised by his mother. When she died in 1935 of sepsis from a large neck carbuncle (which young Jackie had tried to lance), Gleason was 19,〔 had nowhere to go and less than 40 cents to his name. The family of his first girlfriend, Julie Dennehy, offered to take him in; Gleason, however, was headstrong and insisted he was going into the heart of the city.〔 His friend Sammy Birch made room for him in the hotel room he shared with another comedian. Birch also told him of a one-week job in Reading, Pennsylvania, that would pay $19, more money than Gleason could imagine. The booking agent advanced him bus fare for the trip against his salary. This was Gleason's first job as a professional comedian, and he had regular work in a number of small clubs after that. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jackie Gleason」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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